How it works
Income tax is 20% on taxable pay up to £37,700 above the £12,570 personal allowance, 40% up to £125,140 and 45% above. The allowance shrinks by £1 for every £2 over £100,000, which creates a very high effective rate in that range. Employee National Insurance is 8% between £12,570 and £50,270 and 2% above. Figures checked against gov.uk in October 2026.