The rules
A decimal becomes a fraction by writing it over a power of ten and simplifying: 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8. A fraction becomes a decimal by long division, which either ends or starts repeating; repeating digits are shown in brackets, so 1/6 = 0.1(6).
A percentage is the decimal multiplied by 100: 3/8 = 0.375 = 37.5%. All arithmetic is exact, so nothing is lost to rounding.